Ceftriaxone

Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease. It is also sometimes used before surgery and following a bite wound to try to prevent infection. Ceftriaxone can be given by injection into a vein or into a muscle.

Ceftriaxone
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌsɛftraɪˈæksoʊn/
Trade namesRocephin, Epicephin, Wintriaxone, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa685032
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		Intravenous, intramuscular
Drug classThird-generation cephalosporin
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailabilityn/a
MetabolismNegligible
Elimination half-life5.8–8.7 hours
Excretion33–67% kidney, 35–45% biliary
Identifiers
  • (6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)->2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}-3-{[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.070.347
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H18N8O7S3
Molar mass554.57 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)C(=N\OC)/c3nc(sc3)N)CS\C4=N\C(=O)C(=O)NN4C)C(=O)O
  • InChI=1S/C18H18N8O7S3/c1-25-18(22-12(28)13(29)23-25)36-4-6-3-34-15-9(14(30)26(15)10(6)16(31)32)21-11(27)8(24-33-2)7-5-35-17(19)20-7/h5,9,15H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,19,20)(H,21,27)(H,23,29)(H,31,32)/b24-8-/t9-,15-/m1/s1 Y
  • Key:VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N Y
  (verify)

Common side effects include pain at the site of injection and allergic reactions. Other possible side effects include C. difficile-associated diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, gall bladder disease, and seizures. It is not recommended in those who have had anaphylaxis to penicillin but may be used in those who have had milder reactions. The intravenous form should not be given with intravenous calcium. There is tentative evidence that ceftriaxone is relatively safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is a third-generation cephalosporin that works by preventing bacteria from making a cell wall.

Ceftriaxone was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use in 1982. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

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