Risperidone

Risperidone
Clinical data
Trade names	Risperdal, Okedi, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a694015
License data	US DailyMed: Risperidone;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Drug class	Atypical antipsychotic
ATC code	N05AX08 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances); CA: ℞-only; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: WARNINGRx-only; EU: Rx-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	70% (by mouth)
Metabolism	Liver (CYP2D6 mediated to 9-hydroxyrisperidone)
Elimination half-life	20 hours (by mouth), 3–6 days (IM)
Excretion	Urinary (70%) feces (14%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one;
CAS Number	106266-06-2 ;
PubChem CID	5073;
PubChem SID	475100;
IUPHAR/BPS	96;
DrugBank	DB00734 ;
ChemSpider	4895 ;
UNII	L6UH7ZF8HC;
KEGG	D00426 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8871 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL85 ;
PDB ligand	8NU (PDBe, RCSB PDB);
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8045193 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.114.705
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H27FN4O2
Molar mass	410.493 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Cc1c(c(=O)n2c(n1)CCCC2)CCN3CCC(CC3)c4c5ccc(cc5on4)F;
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H27FN4O2/c1-15-18(23(29)28-10-3-2-4-21(28)25-15)9-13-27-11-7-16(8-12-27)22-19-6-5-17(24)14-20(19)30-26-22/h5-6,14,16H,2-4,7-13H2,1H3 ; Key:RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is taken either by mouth or by injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular). The injectable versions are long-acting and last for 2–4 weeks.

Common side effects include severe depression, movement problems, sleepiness, dizziness, trouble seeing, constipation, and increased weight. Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an increased risk of suicide, and high blood sugar levels. In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia, it may increase the risk of death. It is unknown if it is safe for use in pregnancy. Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but is believed to be related to its action as a dopamine and serotonin antagonist.

Study of risperidone began in the late 1980s and it was approved for sale in the United States in 1993. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 138th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.

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