Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Portuguese: Rio Negro [ˈʁi.u neɡɾu]; Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge.
| Rio Negro Guainía River | |
|---|---|
Sunset over the Rio Negro, upstream from Manaus | |
Map showing the Rio Negro in the Amazon Basin | |
| Native name |
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| Location | |
| Countries | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | highlands of Colombia |
| • location | Guainía Department, Amazon region, Colombia |
| • coordinates | 1°56′50″N 70°1′55″W (approximately) |
| • elevation | 250 m (820 ft) (approximately) |
| Mouth | Amazon River |
• location | Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil |
• coordinates | 3°08′00″S 59°54′30″W |
• elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Length | 2,250 km (1,400 mi) |
| Basin size | 691,000 km2 (267,000 sq mi) to 714,577.6 km2 (275,900.0 sq mi) |
| Width | |
| • average | 2,450 m (8,040 ft) |
| Depth | |
| • average | 20 m (66 ft) (Serrinha); 24 m (79 ft) to 31 m (102 ft) (Manaus) |
| • maximum | 60 m (200 ft) (Manaus) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Manaus (16 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 712,451.2 km2 (275,078.9 sq mi) |
| • average | (Period: 1980–2006)35,943 m3/s (1,269,300 cu ft/s)
(Period: 1973-1992)28,400 m3/s (1,000,000 cu ft/s) Encontro das Águas (near mouth): (Period: 1979-2015)30,640.8 m3/s (1,082,070 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 4,240 m3/s (150,000 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 64,380 m3/s (2,274,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Paricatuba, Anavilhanas, Amazonas (45 km upstream of mouth) |
| • average | (Period: 2008-2019)34,444 m3/s (1,216,400 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 7,633 m3/s (269,600 cu ft/s) (2009/10) |
| • maximum | 65,510 m3/s (2,313,000 cu ft/s) (2014/06) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Serrinha, Amazonas (704 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 279,945 km2 (108,087 sq mi) |
| • average | (Period: 1980–2006)18,082 m3/s (638,600 cu ft/s)
(Period: 1997/01/01-2015/12/31) 16,845.52 m3/s (594,894 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 5,000 m3/s (180,000 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 30,000 m3/s (1,100,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | São Felipe, Amazonas (Basin size: 110,862 km2 (42,804 sq mi) |
| • average | (Period: 1980–2006)7,984 m3/s (282,000 cu ft/s)
(Period: 1997/01/01-2014/04/29) 8,314.548 m3/s (293,625.5 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 1,200 m3/s (42,000 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 15,500 m3/s (550,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Cucuí, Amazonas (Basin size: 71,132 km2 (27,464 sq mi) |
| • average | (Period: 1980–2006)4,940 m3/s (174,000 cu ft/s)
(Period: 1997/01/01-2014/04/29) 5,113.101 m3/s (180,567.5 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 400 m3/s (14,000 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 10,500 m3/s (370,000 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Amazon → Atlantic Ocean |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Casiquiare, Cauaburi, Marauiá, Macucuaú, Padauari, Demini, Jufari, Branco, Jauaperi, Camanaú, Baependi, Apuaú, Cuieiras, Tarumã Mirim, Tarumã Açu |
| • right | Guainía (Upper Negro), Xié, Içana, Uaupés, Curicuriari, Marié, Tea, Uneiuxi, Aiuanã, Urubaxi, Ararirá, Cuiuni, Caurés, Unini, Jaú, Puduari |
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