Quechuan languages
Quechua (/ˈkɛtʃuə/, Spanish: [ˈketʃwa]), also called Runasimi ("people's language") in Southern Quechua, is an indigenous language family that originated in central Peru and thereafter spread to other countries of the Andes. Derived from a common ancestral "Proto-Quechua" language, it is today the most widely spoken pre-Columbian language family of the Americas, with the number of speakers estimated at 8–10 million speakers in 2004, and just under 7 million from the most recent census data available up to 2011. Approximately 13.9% (3.7 million) of Peruvians speak a Quechua language.
| Quechuan | |
|---|---|
| Kechua / Runa Simi | |
| Ethnicity | Quechua |
| Geographic distribution | Throughout the central Andes Mountains including Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. |
Native speakers | 7.2 million |
| Linguistic classification | One of the world's primary language families |
| Subdivisions | |
| ISO 639-1 | qu |
| ISO 639-2 / 5 | que |
| ISO 639-3 | que |
| Glottolog | quec1387 |
Map showing the distribution of Quechuan languages | |
Map showing the current distribution of the Quechuan languages (solid gray) and the historical extent of the Inca Empire (shaded) | |
| Person | Runa / Nuna |
|---|---|
| People | Runakuna / Nunakuna |
| Language | Runasimi / Nunasimi |
Although Quechua began expanding many centuries before the Incas, that previous expansion also meant that it was the primary language family within the Inca Empire. The Spanish also encouraged its use until the Peruvian struggle for independence in the 1780s. As a result, various Quechua languages are still widely spoken today, being co-official in many regions and the most spoken language lineage in Peru, after Spanish.