Proton-M
The Proton-M, (Протон-М) GRAU index 8K82M or 8K82KM, is an expendable Russian heavy-lift launch vehicle derived from the Soviet-developed Proton. It is built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81 and 200 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Commercial launches are marketed by International Launch Services (ILS), and generally use Site 200/39. The first Proton-M launch occurred on 7 April 2001.
Proton-M rocket on the launchpad at Baikonur Cosmodrome | |
| Function | Heavy-lift launch vehicle |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Khrunichev |
| Country of origin | Russia |
| Cost per launch | US$65 million |
| Size | |
| Height | 58.2 m (191 ft) |
| Diameter | 7.4 m (24 ft) |
| Mass | 705,000 kg (1,554,000 lb) |
| Stages | 3 or 4 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO | |
| Mass | 23,000 kg (51,000 lb) |
| Payload to GTO (1800 m/s) | |
| Mass | 6,920 kg (15,260 lb) |
| Payload to GTO (1500 m/s) | |
| Mass | 6,300 kg (13,900 lb) |
| Payload to GSO | |
| Mass | 3,250 kg (7,170 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | Universal Rocket |
| Comparable | |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Active |
| Launch sites | |
| Total launches | 115 |
| Success(es) | 104 |
| Failure(s) | 9 |
| Partial failure(s) | 2 |
| First flight | 7 April 2001 |
| Last flight | 12 March 2023 |
| Type of passengers/cargo | GLONASS, ExoMars, Nauka (ISS module) |
| First stage – 8S810K | |
| Height | 21.18 m (69.5 ft) |
| Diameter | 7.4 m (24 ft) |
| Empty mass | 30,600 kg (67,500 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 428,300 kg (944,200 lb) |
| Powered by | 6 RD-275M |
| Maximum thrust | 10,532 kN (2,368,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 285 seconds |
| Burn time | 108 seconds |
| Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
| Second stage – 8S811K | |
| Height | 17.05 m (55.9 ft) |
| Diameter | 4.1 m (13 ft) |
| Empty mass | 11,000 kg (24,000 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 157,300 kg (346,800 lb) |
| Powered by | 3 RD-0210 1 RD-0211 |
| Maximum thrust | 2,399 kN (539,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 327 seconds |
| Burn time | 206 seconds |
| Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
| Third stage – 8S812 | |
| Height | 4.11 m (13.5 ft) |
| Diameter | 4.1 m (13 ft) |
| Empty mass | 3,500 kg (7,700 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 46,562 kg (102,652 lb) |
| Powered by | 1 RD-0212 |
| Maximum thrust | 613.8 kN (138,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 325 seconds |
| Burn time | 238 seconds |
| Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
| Fourth stage (optional) – Briz-M | |
| Height | 2.61 m (8 ft 7 in) |
| Diameter | 4.0 m (13.1 ft) |
| Empty mass | 2,370 kg (5,220 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 19,800 kg (43,700 lb) |
| Powered by | 1 S5.98M |
| Maximum thrust | 19.62 kN (4,410 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 326 seconds |
| Burn time | 3000 seconds |
| Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
| Fourth stage (optional) – Blok DM-2 | |
| Powered by | 1 RD-58M |
| Maximum thrust | 85 kN (19,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 352 seconds |
| Propellant | RP-1 / LOX |
| Fourth stage (optional) – Blok DM-03 | |
| Powered by | 1 RD-58M/RD-58MF |
| Propellant | RP-1 / LOX |
Proton flew its most recent mission on 12 March 2023. As of August 2020, a number of Roscosmos and other Russian government missions remain on Proton launch manifest.
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