Propionitrile
Propionitrile, also known as ethyl cyanide and propanenitrile, is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CN. It is a simple aliphatic nitrile. The compound is a colourless, water-soluble liquid. It is used as a solvent and a precursor to other organic compounds.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Propanenitrile | |||
Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 773680 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.151 | ||
| EC Number |
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| MeSH | propionitrile | ||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 2404 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| C3H5N | |||
| Molar mass | 55.080 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Odor | Sweetish, pleasant, ethereal | ||
| Density | 772 mg mL−1 | ||
| Melting point | −100 to −86 °C; −148 to −123 °F; 173 to 187 K | ||
| Boiling point | 96 to 98 °C; 205 to 208 °F; 369 to 371 K | ||
| 11.9% (20 °C) | |||
| log P | 0.176 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 270 μmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| -38.5·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.366 | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
105.3 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
189.33 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
15.5 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−1.94884–−1.94776 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H225, H300, H310, H319, H332 | |||
| P210, P264, P280, P301+P310, P302+P350, P305+P351+P338 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 6 °C (43 °F; 279 K) | ||
| Explosive limits | 3.1%-? | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
39 mg kg−1 (oral, rat) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
none | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 6 ppm (14 mg/m3) | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
N.D. | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkanenitriles |
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Related compounds |
DBNPA | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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