Programmed cell death protein 1

PDCD1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2M2D, 3RRQ, 4ZQK
Identifiers
Aliases	PDCD1, CD279, PD-1, PD1, SLEB2, hPD-1, hPD-l, hSLE1, Programmed cell death 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600244 MGI: 104879 HomoloGene: 3681 GeneCards: PDCD1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	241,858,894 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	93,980,278 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lymph node; ; spleen; ; appendix; ; blood; ; left ventricle; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; thymus; ; bone marrow; ; fundus; ; body of stomach;
	Top expressed in
	thymus; ; cumulus cell; ; spleen; ; blood; ; ovary; ; adipose tissue; ; cerebral hemisphere; ; heart; ; sensory nervous system; ; sensory organ;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; signal transducer activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; membrane; external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	positive regulation of apoptotic process; multicellular organism development; T cell costimulation; negative regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process; humoral immune response; negative regulation of tolerance induction; immune system process; apoptotic process; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5133
	18566
	ENSG00000188389; ENSG00000276977
	ENSMUSG00000026285
	Q15116
	Q02242
	NM_005018
	NM_008798
	NP_005009
	NP_032824
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), (CD279 cluster of differentiation 279). PD-1 is a protein encoded in humans by the PDCD1 gene. PD-1 is a cell surface receptor on T cells and B cells that has a role in regulating the immune system's response to the cells of the human body by down-regulating the immune system and promoting self-tolerance by suppressing T cell inflammatory activity. This prevents autoimmune diseases, but it can also prevent the immune system from killing cancer cells.

PD-1 is an immune checkpoint and guards against autoimmunity through two mechanisms. First, it promotes apoptosis (programmed cell death) of antigen-specific T-cells in lymph nodes. Second, it reduces apoptosis in regulatory T cells (anti-inflammatory, suppressive T cells).

PD-1 inhibitors, a new class of drugs that block PD-1, activate the immune system to attack tumors and are used to treat certain types of cancer.

PD-1 is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on T cells and pro-B cells. PD-1 binds two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2.

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