Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
The Principality of Transylvania, from 1765 the Grand Principality of Transylvania, was a realm of the Hungarian Crown ruled by the Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs of the Habsburg monarchy (later Austrian Empire) and governed by mostly Hungarians. After the Ottomans were ousted from most of the territories of medieval Kingdom of Hungary, and after the failure of Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711), the Habsburg dynasty claimed the former territories of the Principality of Transylvania under the capacity of their title of "King of Hungary". During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian government proclaimed union with Transylvania in the April Laws of 1848 (after the Transylvanian Diet's confirmation on 30 May and the king's approval on 10 June for Transylvania to become once again an integral part of Hungary). After the failure of the revolution, the March Constitution of Austria decreed that the Principality of Transylvania be a separate crown land entirely independent of Hungary. In 1867, as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, the principality was reunited with Hungary proper.
Grand Principality of Transylvania | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1711–1867 | |||||||||
| Capital | Hermannstadt (Nagyszeben, Sibiu) 1711–1791, 1848–1861 Klausenburg (Kolozsvár, Cluj) 1791–1848, 1861–1867 | ||||||||
| Common languages | German, Hungarian, Romanian | ||||||||
| Religion | |||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Transylvanian | ||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||
• 1711–1740 (first) | Charles III | ||||||||
• 1848–1867 (last) | Franz Joseph I | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 15 June 1703 – 1 May 1711 | |||||||||
| 29 April 1711 | |||||||||
| 7 January 1764 | |||||||||
| 31 October 1784 – 14 December 1784 | |||||||||
| 15 March 1848 – 4 October 1849 | |||||||||
| 29 May 1867 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Romania | ||||||||