Primidone

Primidone, sold under various brand names, is a barbiturate medication that is used to treat partial and generalized seizures and essential tremors. It is taken by mouth.

Primidone
Clinical data
Trade namesLepsiral, Mysoline, Resimatil, others
Other namesdesoxyphenobarbital, desoxyphenobarbitone
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682023
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classAnticonvulsant, barbiturate
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability~100%
Protein binding25%
MetabolismLiver
Elimination half-lifePrimidone: 5-18 h,
Phenobarbital: 75-120 h,
PEMA: 16 h
Time to reach steady state:
Primidone: 2-3 days,
Phenobarbital&PEMA 1-4weeks
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 5-Ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.004.307
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H14N2O2
Molar mass218.256 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C1NCNC(=O)C1(c2ccccc2)CC
  • InChI=1S/C12H14N2O2/c1-2-12(9-6-4-3-5-7-9)10(15)13-8-14-11(12)16/h3-7H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,13,15)(H,14,16) Y
  • Key:DQMZLTXERSFNPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Its common side effects include sleepiness, poor coordination, nausea, and loss of appetite. Severe side effects may include suicide and psychosis. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. Primidone is an anticonvulsant of the barbiturate class; however, its long-term effect in raising the seizure threshold is likely due to its active metabolite, phenobarbital.

Primidone was approved for medical use in the United States in 1954. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 269th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.

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