Ceodes umbellifera

Ceodes umbellifera, synonym Pisonia umbellifera, commonly known as the birdlime tree or bird catcher tree, is a species of plant in the Nyctaginaceae family. The evergreen shrub has soft wood, small pink or yellow flowers, and produces cavate brown fruit throughout the period March to April. The species has been categorized under different genera in its documented lifetime, being reallocated between Pisonia and Ceodes. Its former genus, Pisonia, is named after a Dutch scientist, Willem Piso, and umbellifera is derived from Latin umbelliferum, denoting the species' big, 'shade-carrying' foliage.

Ceodes umbellifera
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nyctaginaceae
Genus: Ceodes
Species:
C. umbellifera
Binomial name
Ceodes umbellifera
(J. R. Forster & G. Forster) Seemann
Synonyms
  • Cedrota guianensis Blanco
  • Labordia fauriei H.Lév.
  • Bougainvillea racemosa Blanco
  • Calpidia excelsa (Blume) Heimerl
  • Calpidia nishimurae (Koidz.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson
  • Calpidia pancheriana Heimerl
  • Ceodes excelsa (Blume) Skottsb.
  • Pisonia aruensis Barg.-Petr.
  • Pisonia excelsa Blume
  • Pisonia gammillii Merr.
  • Pisonia macrocarpa C.Presl
  • Pisonia mooriana F.Muell.
  • Pisonia nishimurae Koidz.
  • Pisonia umbellata Seem.
  • Pisonia umbellifera (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Seem.
  • Pisonia viscosa Seem.

The tree's fruit often trap insects, small mammals and birds. This is because the sticky sap of the fruit sticks to the skin, fur or feathers of the animal and renders it immovable. As such, ensnared creatures will often die from starvation or be unable to defend themselves from natural predators.

It grows throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific. It is native to the Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Hawaii, Africa and Madagascar and the states of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. A variegated form is widely cultivated in frost-free climates. Historically, the shrub has some remedial herbal use in indigenous Hawaiian and Chinese culture. Due to this, it has been the subject of limited scientific study examining its medicinal properties.

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