Pioglitazone

Pioglitazone
Clinical data
Trade names	Actos, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a699016
License data	US DailyMed: Pioglitazone;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Drug class	Thiazolidinedione
ATC code	A10BG03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only; EU: Rx-only; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	>99%
Metabolism	Liver (CYP2C8)
Elimination half-life	3–7 hours
Excretion	Bile duct
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-5-(4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione;
CAS Number	111025-46-8 ;
PubChem CID	4829;
IUPHAR/BPS	2694;
DrugBank	DB01132 ;
ChemSpider	4663 ;
UNII	X4OV71U42S;
KEGG	D08378 ; as HCl: D00945 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8228 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL595 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3037129 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.114.441
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H20N2O3S
Molar mass	356.44 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	Racemic mixture
Melting point	183 to 184 °C (361 to 363 °F)
	SMILES O=C1NC(=O)SC1Cc3ccc(OCCc2ncc(cc2)CC)cc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H20N2O3S/c1-2-13-3-6-15(20-12-13)9-10-24-16-7-4-14(5-8-16)11-17-18(22)21-19(23)25-17/h3-8,12,17H,2,9-11H2,1H3,(H,21,22,23) ; Key:HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Pioglitazone, sold under the brand name Actos among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It may be used with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin. Use is recommended together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include headaches, muscle pains, inflammation of the throat, and swelling. Serious side effects may include bladder cancer, low blood sugar, heart failure, and osteoporosis. Use is not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class and works by improving sensitivity of tissues to insulin.

Pioglitazone was patented in 1985, and came into medical use in 1999. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 129th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. It was withdrawn in France and Germany in 2011.

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