Phonological history of English close front vowels

The close and mid-height front vowels of English (vowels of i and e type) have undergone a variety of changes over time and often vary by dialect.

English pronunciation
History and description of
Historical stages
Old English Middle English
General development
In Old English In Scots
Development of vowels
A Close back Close front Diphthongs Great Vowel Shift Open back Pre-L Pre-R
Development of consonants
Single consonants Clusters
Variable features
Cot–caught merger Drawl Flapping H-dropping L-vocalization NG R Rhoticity T-glottalization TH WH
Related topics
History of English Spelling

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