Pilocarpine

Pilocarpine
Clinical data
Trade names	Isopto Carpine, Salagen, Vuity, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a608039
License data	US DailyMed: Pilocarpine;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3;
Routes of; administration	Topical eye drops, by mouth
Drug class	Miotic (cholinergic)
ATC code	N07AX01 (WHO) S01EB01 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life	0.76 hours (5 mg), 1.35 hours (10 mg)
Excretion	urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (3S,4R)-3-Ethyl-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one;
CAS Number	92-13-7 ; 54-71-7 (hydrochloride);
PubChem CID	5910;
IUPHAR/BPS	305;
DrugBank	DB01085 ;
ChemSpider	5699 ;
UNII	01MI4Q9DI3;
KEGG	D00525 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8207 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL550 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1021162 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.936
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C11H16N2O2
Molar mass	208.261 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C2OC[C@H](Cc1n(cnc1)C)[C@@H]2CC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H16N2O2/c1-3-10-8(6-15-11(10)14)4-9-5-12-7-13(9)2/h5,7-8,10H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3/t8-,10-/m0/s1 ; Key:QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N ;
	(verify)

Pilocarpine is a medication used to reduce pressure inside the eye and treat dry mouth. As an eye drop it is used to manage angle closure glaucoma until surgery can be performed, ocular hypertension, primary open angle glaucoma, and to constrict the pupil after dilation. However, due to its side effects it is no longer typically used for long-term management. Onset of effects with the drops is typically within an hour and lasts for up to a day. By mouth it is used for dry mouth as a result of Sjögren syndrome or radiation therapy.

Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation of the eye, increased tearing, headache, and blurry vision. Other side effects include allergic reactions and retinal detachment. Use is generally not recommended during pregnancy. Pilocarpine is in the miotics family of medication. It works by activating cholinergic receptors of the muscarinic type which cause the trabecular meshwork to open and the aqueous humor to drain from the eye.

Pilocarpine was isolated in 1874 by Hardy and Gerrard and has been used to treat glaucoma for more than 100 years. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally made from the South American plant Pilocarpus.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.