Tyrosine

L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA.

Tyrosine

Skeletal formula of L-tyrosine

L-Tyrosine at physiological pH
Names
IUPAC name
(S)-Tyrosine
Other names
L-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.419
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1 Y
    Key: OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N Y
  • Key: OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • Key: OUYCCCASQSFEME-MRVPVSSYSA-N
  • N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(O)=O
  • Zwitterion: [NH3+][C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C([O-])=O
Properties
C9H11NO3
Molar mass 181.191 g·mol−1
Appearance white solid
.0453 g/100 mL
-105.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
1
0
Supplementary data page
Tyrosine (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
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