Threonine

Threonine
	; Skeletal formula of L-threonine
Ball-and-stick model	Space-filling model
Names
	IUPAC name Threonine
	Other names 2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	L: 72-19-5 ; D/L: 80-68-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	L: Interactive image; L Zwitterion: Interactive image;
ChEBI	L: CHEBI:16857 ;
ChEMBL	L: ChEMBL291747 ;
ChemSpider	L: 6051 ;
DrugBank	L: DB00156 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.704
EC Number	L: 200-774-1;
IUPHAR/BPS	L: 4785;
KEGG	L: D00041;
PubChem CID	L: 6288;
UNII	L: 2ZD004190S ; D/L: TFM6DU5S6A ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	L: DTXSID70893087 DTXSID2046412, DTXSID70893087 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1 Key: AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N ; D/L: Key: AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-FGNFWGHYNA-N;
	SMILES L: C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O; L Zwitterion: C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H9NO3
Molar mass	119.120 g·mol−1
Solubility in water	(H2O, g/dl) 10.6(30°),14.1(52°),19.0(61°)
Acidity (pKa)	2.63 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino)
Supplementary data page
	Threonine (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH⁺
₃ form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO⁻ form under biological conditions), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).

Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).

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