Peppered moth

The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a temperate species of night-flying moth. It is mostly found in the northern hemisphere in places like Asia, Europe and North America. Peppered moth evolution is an example of population genetics and natural selection.

Peppered moth
Male
Female
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Geometridae
Genus: Biston
Species:
B. betularia
Binomial name
Biston betularia
Subspecies
  • B. b. alexandrina (Wehrli, 1941)
  • B. b. betularia
  • B. b. cognataria (Guenée, 1857)
  • B. b. contrasta (Barnes & Benjamin, 1923)
  • B. b. parva (Leech, 1897)
  • B. b. nepalensis (Inoue, 1982)
Synonyms
  • Phalaena (Geometra) betularia Linnaeus, 1758
  • Phalaena (Noctua) p-graecum (Poda, 1761)
  • marmoraria (Sepp, 1792)
  • Phalaena (Geometra) ulmaria (Borkhausen, 1794)
  • Eubyja betularia
  • Amphidasis huberaria (Ballion, 1866)
  • Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria (Millière, 1870)
  • Eurbyjodonta concinna (Warren, 1899)
  • Biston cognataria alexandrina (Wehrli, 1941)
  • Biston (Eubyjodonta) huberaria (tienschana Wehrli, 1941)
  • Biston cognataria sinitibetica (Wehrli, 1941)

The caterpillars of the peppered moth not only mimic the form but also the colour of a twig. Recent research indicates that the caterpillars can sense the twig's colour with their skin and match their body colour to the background to protect themselves from predators.

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