Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni batˈtista enˈriːko anˈtɔːnjo maˈriːa monˈtiːni]; 26 September 1897  6 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in August 1978. Succeeding John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council, which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms. He fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. In January 1964, he flew to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. This was the first time a reigning pontiff had flown on an airplane, the first papal pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and the first time a Pope had left Italy in more than a century.


Paul VI
Bishop of Rome
Official portrait, 1969
ChurchCatholic Church
Papacy began21 June 1963
Papacy ended6 August 1978
PredecessorJohn XXIII
SuccessorJohn Paul I
Orders
Ordination29 May 1920
by Giacinto Gaggia
Consecration12 December 1954
by Eugène Tisserant
Created cardinal15 December 1958
by John XXIII
Personal details
Born
Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini

(1897-09-26)26 September 1897
Died6 August 1978(1978-08-06) (aged 80)
Castel Gandolfo, Italy
Previous post(s)
EducationUniversity of Milan (JCD)
Motto
  • Cum Ipso in monte (With Him on the mount)
  • In nomine Domini (In the name of the Lord)
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day
Venerated in
Beatified19 October 2014
Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City
by Pope Francis
Canonized14 October 2018
Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City
by Pope Francis
Attributes
Patronage
ShrinesNone
Ordination history
History
Diaconal ordination
Date28 February 1920
PlaceConcesio, Brescia
Priestly ordination
Ordained byGiacinto Gaggia (Brescia)
Date29 May 1920
PlaceConcesio, Brescia
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecratorEugène Card. Tisserant (Dec. Sac. Coll.)
Co-consecrators
Date12 December 1954
PlaceSaint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Cardinalate
Elevated byPope John XXIII
Date15 December 1958
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Pope Paul VI as principal consecrator
Giuseppe Schiavini22 May 1955
Cesário Alexandre Minali5 June 1955
Ubaldo Teofano Stella3 October 1955
Domenico Enrici1 November 1955
Aristide Pirovano13 November 1955
Adolfo Luís Bossi14 September 1958
Antonio Fustella25 June 1960
Giovanni Umberto Colombo7 December 1960
Luigi Oldani7 December 1961
Francesco Rossi26 May 1963
Igino Eugenio Cardinale20 October 1963
Albert Reuben Edward Thomas20 October 1963
Giovanni Fallani28 June 1964
Johannes Gerardus Maria Willebrands28 June 1964
Leobard D'Souza3 December 1964
Ferdinando Giuseppe Antonelli19 March 1966
Giacomo Violardo19 March 1966
Loris Francesco Capovilla16 July 1967
Agostino Casaroli16 July 1967
Ernesto Civardi16 July 1967
Paul Casimir Marcinkus6 January 1969
Louis Vangeke3 December 1970
Annibale Bugnini13 February 1972
Giuseppe Casoria13 February 1972
Enrico Bartolucci Panaroni29 June 1973
Jean Jerome Hamer29 June 1973
Andrzej Maria Deskur30 June 1974
Nicola Rotunno30 June 1974
Other popes named Paul

Montini served in the Holy See's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered to be the closest and most influential advisors of Pope Pius XII. In 1954, Pius named Montini Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini later became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops' Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors. Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the name Paul VI.

He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which had automatically closed with the death of John XXIII. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform programmes of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI spoke repeatedly to Marian conventions and Mariological meetings, visited Marian shrines and issued three Marian encyclicals. Following Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI described himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes from the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, were often contested, especially in Western Europe and North America. The same opposition emerged in reaction to the political aspects of some of his teaching.

Following the standard procedures that lead to sainthood, Pope Benedict XVI declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue and conferred the title of Venerable upon him on 20 December 2012. Pope Francis beatified him on 19 October 2014 after the recognition of a miracle attributed to his intercession. His liturgical feast was celebrated on the date of his birth on 26 September until 2019 when it was changed to the date of his sacerdotal ordination on 29 May. Pope Francis canonised Paul VI on 14 October 2018.

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