Panthay Rebellion
The Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873), also known as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion (Tu Wen-hsiu Rebellion), was a rebellion of the Muslim Hui people and other (Muslim as well as non-Muslim) ethnic groups against the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest. During the war the Hui and Han spared each other's villages when they surrendered peacefully, only massacring villages that resisted.
| Panthay Rebellion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Map of the Muslim Uprisings against the Qing Empire | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Qing Empire | Pingnan Guo | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Cen Yuying Ma Rulong |
Du Wenxiu Ma Shenglin Ma Shilin | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Manchu, Han Chinese, Loyalist Muslim troops and non-Muslim ethnic minority mercenaries (Lolos (Yi), Lou-tse (Lisu), Kachin (Kakhyens)) | Rebel Muslims, Rebel Han Chinese and non-Muslim ethnic minority mercenaries (Lolos (Yi), Lou-tse (Lisu), Kachin (Kakhyens)) | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 1,000,000 dead | 1,000,000 dead | ||||||
| Panthay Rebellion | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 杜文秀起義 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 杜文秀起义 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Du Wenxiu uprising | ||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 雲南回變 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 云南回变 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Yunnan Hui rebellion | ||||||||
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The name "Panthay" is a Burmese word, which is said to be identical with the Shan word Pang hse. It was the name by which the Burmese called the Chinese Muslims who came with caravans to Burma from the Chinese province of Yunnan. The name was not used or known in Yunnan itself. The rebellion referred to itself as the Pingnan Kingdom, meaning Pacified Southern Kingdom.