POLQ

POLQ
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4X0P, 4X0Q, 5AGA, 5A9J, 5A9F
Identifiers
Aliases	POLQ, POLH, PRO0327, polymerase (DNA) theta, DNA polymerase theta, DNA polymerase θ
External IDs	OMIM: 604419 MGI: 2155399 HomoloGene: 32727 GeneCards: POLQ
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	121,545,988 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	36,915,779 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	secondary oocyte; ; bone marrow; ; ganglionic eminence; ; bone marrow cells; ; spongy bone; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; rectum; ; appendix; ; tibia; ; bronchial epithelial cell;
	Top expressed in
	morula; ; spermatocyte; ; yolk sac; ; secondary oocyte; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; ganglionic eminence; ; thymus; ; spermatid; ; neural tube; ; cerebellar cortex;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; nucleotide binding; DNA binding; nucleotidyltransferase activity; single-stranded DNA helicase activity; 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity; chromatin binding; damaged DNA binding; protein binding; nucleic acid binding; DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity; ATP binding; 5'-3' exonuclease activity; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	nucleoplasm; chromosome; nucleus; cytoplasm;
Biological process	somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes; negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination; double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; DNA replication; double-strand break repair via homologous recombination; protein homooligomerization; DNA repair; base-excision repair; DNA biosynthetic process; double-strand break repair; DNA-dependent DNA replication; nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10721
	77782
	ENSG00000051341
	ENSMUSG00000034206
	O75417
	Q8CGS6
	NM_199420; NM_006596
	NM_001159369; NM_029977
	NP_955452
	NP_001152841; NP_084253
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

DNA polymerase theta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLQ gene. This polymerase plays a key role in one of the three major double strand break repair pathways: theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ). Most double-strand breaks are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology directed repair (HDR). However, in some contexts, NHEJ and HR are insufficient and TMEJ is the only solution to repair the break. TMEJ is often described as alternative NHEJ, but differs in that it lacks a requirement for the Ku heterodimer, and it can only act on resected DNA ends. Following annealing of short (i.e., a few nucleotides) regions on the DNA overhangs, DNA polymerase theta catalyzes template-dependent DNA synthesis across the broken ends, stabilizing the paired structure.

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