2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff

2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff; Indian Codename: Operation Parakram
	Part of the Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
	; The India-Pakistan Border, visible from space.
Date	13 December 2001 – 10 June 2002; (5 months and 4 weeks)
Location	Indo-Pakistani border
Belligerents
India Indian Army;	Pakistan Pakistan Army;
Commanders and leaders
K. R. Narayanan; (President of India); Atal Bihari Vajpayee; (Prime Minister of India); Gen. S. Padmanabhan; (Chief of Army Staff); ACM S. Krishnaswamy; (Chief of Air Staff); Adm. Madhvendra Singh; (Chief of Naval Staff)	Gen. Pervez Musharraf; (President of Pakistan); Gen. Aziz Khan; (Chairman Joint Chiefs); Gen. Yusaf Khan; (Vice Chief of Army Staff); ACM Mushaf Ali Mir; (Chief of Air Staff); Adm. Abdul Aziz Mirza; (Chief of Naval Staff)
Strength
500,000–800,000 soldiers	300,000–400,000 soldiers
Casualties and losses
798 killed; 1,874 casualties altogether (per Indian government); 900 casualties (per Arun Prakash); 1,295 civilian casualties between 2001—2005 in mine-related incidents (per an Indian NGO survey)	Unknown
	155,000 Indians and 44,000 Pakistanis displaced (per The News International)

The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was a military standoff between India and Pakistan that resulted in the mass mobilisation of both nations' military forces along the India-Pakistan border and the disputed region of Kashmir. This was the second major military standoff between the two countries since they both publicly declared their nuclear capabilities.

The standoff was initiated by India after Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) militants attacked the Indian Parliament; Pakistan patronages the two outfits but rejected India's allegations of complicity. In what was codenamed Operation Parakram, almost 800,000 Indian soldiers were mobilised to the Pakistan border, with an implicit threat of attack. The mobilization was slow allowing Pakistan time to counter-mobilise its own troops and escalate the risks of a full-fledged war; besides, Pakistan repeatedly asserted a willingness to use nuclear weapons in case of a war. After a terse seven months, Indian troops retreated to their cantonments, and Operation Parakram was aborted.

Scholars describe Parakram as a costly and ill-conceived campaign; it failed to achieve its objectives.

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