Ondansetron

Ondansetron, sold under the brand name Zofran among others, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It is also effective for treating gastroenteritis. It can be given orally (by mouth), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intravenously (injection into a vein).

Ondansetron
Clinical data
Trade namesZofran, Atossa, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601209
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		orally (by mouth), rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, thin film
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability~60%
Protein binding70–76%
MetabolismLiver (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6)
Elimination half-life5.7 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-9-Methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4(9H)-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.110.918
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H19N3O
Molar mass293.370 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C1c2c3ccccc3n(C)c2CCC1Cn4ccnc4C
  • InChI=1S/C18H19N3O/c1-12-19-9-10-21(12)11-13-7-8-16-17(18(13)22)14-5-3-4-6-15(14)20(16)2/h3-6,9-10,13H,7-8,11H2,1-2H3 Y
  • Key:FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Common side effects include diarrhea, constipation, headache, sleepiness, and itchiness. Serious side effects include QT prolongation and severe allergic reaction. It appears to be safe during pregnancy but has not been well studied in this group. It is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic receptors.

Ondansetron was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1990. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 79th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.

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