Observability

Observability is a measure of how well internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs.

For the concept in quantum mechanics, see Observable. For the concept in software, see Observability (software).

In control theory, the observability and controllability of a linear system are mathematical duals.

The concept of observability was introduced by the Hungarian-American engineer Rudolf E. Kálmán for linear dynamic systems. A dynamical system designed to estimate the state of a system from measurements of the outputs is called a state observer or simply an observer for that system.

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