Ob (river)
The Ob (Обь, IPA: [opʲ]) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi). It forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Altai Mountains. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Yenisei and the Lena). Its flow is north-westward, then northward.
| Ob | |
|---|---|
The Ob in Novosibirsk | |
Map of the Ob River watershed | |
| Native name | Обь (Russian) |
| Location | |
| Country | Russia |
| Region | Altai Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalia |
| Cities | Biysk, Barnaul, Novosibirsk, Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Katun |
| • location | Belukha Mountain, Altai Republic |
| • coordinates | 49°45′0″N 86°34′0″E |
| • elevation | 2,300 m (7,500 ft) |
| 2nd source | Biya |
| • location | Lake Teletskoye, Altai Republic |
| • coordinates | 51°47′11″N 87°14′49″E |
| • elevation | 434 m (1,424 ft) |
| 3rd source | Most distant source: Ob-Irtysh system |
| • location | near Mang-tai-ch’ia-ta-fan pass, Altai Mountains, Xinjiang, China |
| • coordinates | 47°52′39″N 89°58′12″E |
| • elevation | 2,960 m (9,710 ft) |
| Source confluence | Near Biysk |
| • location | Altai Krai |
| • coordinates | 52°25′54″N 85°01′26″E |
| • elevation | 195 m (640 ft) |
| Mouth | Gulf of Ob |
• location | Ob Delta, Yamalia |
• coordinates | 66°32′02″N 71°23′41″E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 3,700 km (2,300 mi) |
| Basin size | 2,972,497 km2 (1,147,688 sq mi) to 2,994,238 km2 (1,156,082 sq mi) |
| Width | |
| • minimum | 140 m (460 ft) |
| • average | 3,000 m (9,800 ft) |
| • maximum | 19,000 m (62,000 ft) |
| Depth | |
| • average | 9 m (30 ft) |
| • maximum | 40 m (130 ft) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Salekhard (Basin size: 2,917,508 km2 (1,126,456 sq mi)) |
| • average | (Period of data: 1971–2015)12,889 m3/s (455,200 cu ft/s)
(Period of data: 1930–1984)12,475.1 m3/s (440,550 cu ft/s) (Period of data: 1999–2008)13,500 m3/s (480,000 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 2,360 m3/s (83,000 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 40,200 m3/s (1,420,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Ob Estuary, Gulf of Ob (Kara Sea), Russia |
| • average | (Period of data: 1940–2017)402 km3/a (12,700 m3/s) (Period of data: 1984–2018)414 km3/a (13,100 m3/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Katun, Anuy, Charysh, Aley, Parabel, Vasyugan, Irtysh, Severnaya Sosva |
| • right | Biya, Berd, Inya, Tom, Chulym, Ket, Tym, Vakh, Pim, Kazym |
The main city on its banks is Novosibirsk, the largest city in Siberia, and the third-largest city in Russia. It is where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river.
The Gulf of Ob is the world's longest estuary.
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