Nonverbal learning disorder

Nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) is a proposed category of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core deficits in visual-spatial processing and a significant discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal intelligence (where verbal intelligence is higher). A review of papers found that proposed diagnostic criteria were inconsistent. Proposed additional diagnostic criteria include intact verbal intelligence, and deficits in the following: visuoconstruction abilities, speech prosody, fine-motor coordination, mathematical reasoning, visuospatial memory and social skills. NVLD is not recognised by the DSM-5 and is not clinically distinct from learning disorder.

NVLD's symptoms can overlap with symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, and ADHD. For this reason, some claim a diagnosis of NVLD is more appropriate in some subset of these cases.