Pelargonic acid

Pelargonic acid, also called nonanoic acid, is an organic compound with structural formula CH3(CH2)7CO2H. It is a nine-carbon fatty acid. Nonanoic acid is a colorless oily liquid with an unpleasant, rancid odor. It is nearly insoluble in water, but very soluble in organic solvents. The esters and salts of pelargonic acid are called pelargonates or nonanoates.

Pelargonic acid
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Nonanoic acid
Other names
Nonoic acid; nonylic acid; 1-octanecarboxylic acid; C9:0 (lipid numbers)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1752351
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.574
EC Number
  • 203-931-2
185341
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C9H18O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9(10)11/h2-8H2,1H3,(H,10,11) N
    Key: FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
  • InChI=1/C9H18O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9(10)11/h2-8H2,1H3,(H,10,11)
    Key: FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYAF
  • CCCCCCCCC(=O)O
Properties
C9H18O2
Molar mass 158.241 g/mol
Appearance Clear to yellowish oily liquid
Density 0.900 g/cm3
Melting point 12.5 °C (54.5 °F; 285.6 K)
Boiling point 254 °C (489 °F; 527 K)
Critical point (T, P) 439 °C (712 K), 2.35 MPa
0.3 g/L
Acidity (pKa)
  • 4.96
  • 1.055 at 2.06–2.63 K (−271.09 – −270.52 °C; −455.96 – −454.94 °F)
  • 1.53 at −191 °C (−311.8 °F; 82.1 K)
1.4322
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Corrosive
GHS labelling:
Warning
H315, H319, H412
P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
1
0
Flash point 114 °C (237 °F; 387 K)
405 °C (761 °F; 678 K)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Octanoic acid, decanoic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

The acid is named after the pelargonium plant, since oil from its leaves contains esters of the acid.

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