Nitronium ion
The nitronium ion, [NO2]+, is a cation. It is an onium ion because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion [NH4]+. It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule NO2, or the protonation of nitric acid HNO3 (with removal of H2O).
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Nitronium ion | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Dioxidonitrogen(1+) | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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PubChem CID |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| [NO2]+ | |||
| Molar mass | 46.005 g·mol−1 | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
233.86 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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It is stable enough to exist in normal conditions, but it is generally reactive and used extensively as an electrophile in the nitration of other substances. The ion is generated in situ for this purpose by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the equilibrium:
- H2SO4 + HNO3 → HSO−4 + [NO2]+ + H2O
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