Nitazoxanide

Nitazoxanide, sold under the brand name Alinia among others, is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antiviral medication that is used in medicine for the treatment of various helminthic, protozoal, and viral infections. It is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent individuals and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. Nitazoxanide has also been shown to have in vitro antiparasitic activity and clinical treatment efficacy for infections caused by other protozoa and helminths; evidence as of 2014 suggested that it possesses efficacy in treating a number of viral infections as well.

Nitazoxanide
Clinical data
Trade namesAlinia, Nizonide, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa603017
License data
Routes of
administration
By mouth
Drug classAntiprotozoal
Broad-spectrum antiparasitic
Broad-spectrum antiviral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein bindingNitazoxanide: ?
Tizoxanide: over 99%
MetabolismRapidly hydrolyzed to tizoxanide
Metabolitestizoxanide
tizoxanide glucuronide
Elimination half-life3.5 hours
ExcretionKidney, bile duct, and fecal
Identifiers
  • [2-[(5-Nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]ethanoate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.054.465
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H9N3O5S
Molar mass307.28 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C(Nc1ncc(s1)[N+]([O-])=O)c2ccccc2OC(=O)C
  • InChI=1S/C12H9N3O5S/c1-7(16)20-9-5-3-2-4-8(9)11(17)14-12-13-6-10(21-12)15(18)19/h2-6H,1H3,(H,13,14,17) Y
  • Key:YQNQNVDNTFHQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Chemically, nitazoxanide is the prototype member of the thiazolides, a class of drugs which are synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivatives with antiparasitic and antiviral activity. Tizoxanide, an active metabolite of nitazoxanide in humans, is also an antiparasitic drug of the thiazolide class.

Nitazoxanide tablets were approved as a generic medication in the United States in 2020.

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