Nirvana
Nirvāṇa (/nɪərˈvɑːnə/ neer-VAH-nə, /-ˈvænə/ -VAN-ə, /nɜːr-/ nur-; Sanskrit: निर्वाण nirvāṇa [nɪrʋaːɳɐ]; Pali: nibbāna; Prakrit: ṇivvāṇa; literally, "blown out", as in an oil lamp) is a concept in Indian religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism) that represents the ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from duḥkha, suffering, and saṃsāra, the cycle of birth and rebirth.
| Translations of Nirvana | |
|---|---|
| Sanskrit | निर्वाण (IAST: nirvāṇa) |
| Pali | nibbāna |
| Burmese | နိဗ္ဗာန် (MLCTS: neɪʔbàɰ̃) |
| Chinese | 涅槃 (Pinyin: nièpán) |
| Indonesian | nirwana |
| Japanese | 涅槃 (Rōmaji: nehan) |
| Khmer | និព្វាន (UNGEGN: nĭpvéan) |
| Korean | 열반 (RR: yeolban) |
| Mon | နဳဗာန် ([nìppàn]) |
| Mongolian | Нирваан дүр (nirvaan dür) |
| Shan | ၼိၵ်ႈပၢၼ်ႇ ([nik3paan2]) |
| Sinhala | නිර්වාණ (nivana) |
| Tibetan | མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ། (mya ngan las 'das pa) |
| Tagalog | nirbana |
| Thai | นิพพาน (RTGS: nipphan) |
| Vietnamese | niết bàn |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |
| Translations of Nirvana | |
|---|---|
| English | freedom, liberation |
| Sanskrit | निर्वाण (IAST: nirvāṇa) |
| Bengali | নির্বাণ (nirbanô) |
| Hindi | निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) |
| Javanese | ꦤꦶꦂꦮꦤ (nirwana) |
| Kannada | ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa) |
| Malayalam | നിർവാണം (nirvanam) |
| Marathi | निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) |
| Nepali | निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) |
| Odia | ନିର୍ବାଣ (nirbaana) |
| Punjabi | ਨਿਰਬਾਣ / نِرْبَاݨ (nirbāṇa) |
| Tamil | வீடுபேறு (Veeduperu) |
| Telugu | నిర్వాణం (nirvaanam) |
| Urdu | نِرْوَان (nirvān) |
| Gujarati | નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇa) |
| Glossary of Hinduism terms | |
In Indian religions, nirvana is synonymous with moksha and mukti. All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as the liberation from attachment and worldly suffering and the ending of samsara, the round of existence. However, non-Buddhist and Buddhist traditions describe these terms for liberation differently. In Hindu philosophy, it is the union of or the realization of the identity of Atman with Brahman, depending on the Hindu tradition. In Jainism, nirvana is also the soteriological goal, representing the release of a soul from karmic bondage and samsara. In the Buddhist context, nirvana refers to the abandonment of the 10 fetters, marking the end of rebirth by stilling the fires that keep the process of rebirth going.