Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C
10H
8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.

Not to be confused with naphtha, naphthene, or Naphtali.
Naphthalene
Names
IUPAC name
Naphthalene
Other names
white tar, camphor tar, tar camphor, naphthalin, naphthaline, antimite, albocarbon, hexalene, mothballs, moth flakes
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1421310
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.863
EC Number
  • 214-552-7
3347
KEGG
RTECS number
  • QJ0525000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H Y
    Key: UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H
    Key: UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYAC
  • c1c2ccccc2ccc1
Properties
C10H8
Molar mass 128.174 g·mol−1
Appearance White solid crystals/ flakes
Odor Strong odor of coal tar or mothballs
Density 1.145 g/cm3 (15.5 °C)
1.0253 g/cm3 (20 °C)
0.9625 g/cm3 (100 °C)
Melting point 78.2 °C (172.8 °F; 351.3 K)
80.26 °C (176.47 °F; 353.41 K)
at 760 mmHg
Boiling point 217.97 °C (424.35 °F; 491.12 K)
at 760 mmHg
19 mg/L (10 °C)
31.6 mg/L (25 °C)
43.9 mg/L (34.5 °C)
80.9 mg/L (50 °C)
238.1 mg/L (73.4 °C)
Solubility Soluble in alcohols, liquid ammonia, Carboxylic acids, C6H6, SO2, CCl4, CS2, toluene, aniline
Solubility in ethanol 5 g/100 g (0 °C)
11.3 g/100 g (25 °C)
19.5 g/100 g (40 °C)
179 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in acetic acid 6.8 g/100 g (6.75 °C)
13.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C)
31.1 g/100 g (42.5 °C)
111 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in chloroform 19.5 g/100 g (0 °C)
35.5 g/100 g (25 °C)
49.5 g/100 g (40 °C)
87.2 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in hexane 5.5 g/100 g (0 °C)
17.5 g/100 g (25 °C)
30.8 g/100 g (40 °C)
78.8 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in butyric acid 13.6 g/100 g (6.75 °C)
22.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C)
131.6 g/100 g (60 °C)
log P 3.34
Vapor pressure 8.64 Pa (20 °C)
23.6 Pa (30 °C)
0.93 kPa (80 °C)
2.5 kPa (100 °C)
0.42438 L·atm/mol
-91.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 98 kPa:
0.1219 W/m·K (372.22 K)
0.1174 W/m·K (400.22 K)
0.1152 W/m·K (418.37 K)
0.1052 W/m·K (479.72 K)
1.5898
Viscosity 0.964 cP (80 °C)
0.761 cP (100 °C)
0.217 cP (150 °C)
Structure
Monoclinic
P21/b
C5
2h
a = 8.235 Å, b = 6.003 Å, c = 8.658 Å
α = 90°, β = 122.92°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry
165.72 J/mol·K
167.39 J/mol·K
78.53 kJ/mol
201.585 kJ/mol
-5156.3 kJ/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable, sensitizer, possible carcinogen. Dust can form explosive mixtures with air
GHS labelling:
Danger
H228, H302, H351, H410
P210, P273, P281, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
2
0
Flash point 80 °C (176 °F; 353 K)
525 °C (977 °F; 798 K)
Explosive limits 5.9%
10 ppm (TWA), 15 ppm (STEL)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
1800 mg/kg (rat, oral)
490 mg/kg (rat, intravenous)
1200 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
533 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) ST 15 ppm (75 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 250 ppm
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references
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