Muscat and Oman
The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (Arabic: سلطنة مسقط وعمان, romanized: Salṭanat Masqaṭ wa-‘Umān), also known briefly as the State of Muscat and Oman (Arabic: دولة مسقط وعمان, romanized: Dawlat Masqaṭ wa-‘Umān) during the rule of Taimur bin Feisal, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day Sultanate of Oman and parts of present-day United Arab Emirates and Pakistan, in the second half of the 19th century and 20th century. Ruled by the Busaid dynasty, it was established as a result of the partition of the Omani Empire upon the death of its last ruler Said bin Sultan. The Sultanate transitioned into a new form of government after the palace coup of 23 July 1970 in which the sultan Said bin Taimur was immediately deposed in favor of his son Qaboos bin Said.
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman | |||||||||
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| 1856–1970 | |||||||||
National emblem
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| Anthem: None (until 23 July 1970) From 23 July 1970: نشيد السلام السلطاني "as-Salām as-Sultānī" "Salute to the Sultan" | |||||||||
The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman in 1867 | |||||||||
| Status | De jure sovereign state (1856–1970) De facto British protectorate (1872–1920) | ||||||||
| Capital | Muscat | ||||||||
| Official languages | Arabic | ||||||||
| Common languages | Omani Arabic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish, English | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam (official) | ||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 1855–1866 (first) | Thuwaini bin Said | ||||||||
• 1866–1868 | Salim bin Thuwaini | ||||||||
• 1868–1871 | Azzan bin Qais | ||||||||
• 1871–1888 | Turki bin Said | ||||||||
• 1888–1913 | Faisal bin Turki | ||||||||
• 1913–1932 | Taimur bin Faisal | ||||||||
• 1932–1970 | Said bin Taimur | ||||||||
• 1970 (last) | Qaboos bin Said | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Partition from Zanzibar | 1856 | ||||||||
| 25 September 1920 | |||||||||
| 1954 | |||||||||
| 1962 | |||||||||
| 23 July 1970 | |||||||||
• Qaboos declares the Sultanate of Oman | 9 August 1970 | ||||||||
| Currency | Omani dirham (1856–1892) Indian rupee (1892–1959) Gulf rupee (1959–1970) Saidi rial (1970) | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Oman United Arab Emirates Pakistan Iran | ||||||||