Mitral regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation (MR), also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is a form of valvular heart disease in which the mitral valve is insufficient and does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood. It is the abnormal leaking of blood backwards – regurgitation from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts. Mitral regurgitation is the most common form of valvular heart disease.
| Mitral regurgitation | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Mitral incompetence, mitral insufficiency |
| Mitral regurgitation (schematic drawing) During systole, contraction of the left ventricle causes abnormal backflow (arrow) into the left atrium. 1 Mitral valve 2 Left ventricle 3 Left atrium 4 Aorta | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Symptoms | Heart murmur, shortness of breath during exercise or lying down, fatigue, palpitations, swollen feet or ankles |
| Complications | In severe cases: congestive heart failure, arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation), pulmonary hypertension |
| Types | Acute mitral regurgitation, chronic compensated mitral regurgitation, chronic decompensated mitral regurgitation |
| Causes | mitral valve prolapse, ageing, rheumatic fever, mitral annular calcification, infective endocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| Treatment | Medication, Mitral valve repair, Mitral valve replacement, MitraClip |
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