Miglitol

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.

Not to be confused with Meglutol.
Miglitol
Clinical data
Trade namesGlyset
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601079
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		By mouth (tablets)
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityDose-dependent
Protein bindingNegligible (<4.0%)
MetabolismNil
Elimination half-life2 hours
ExcretionRenal (95%)
Identifiers
  • (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
    piperidine-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.069.670
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H17NO5
Molar mass207.226 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density1.458 g/cm3
Melting point114 °C (237 °F)
  • OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
  • InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 Y
  • Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N Y
  (verify)

Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

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