Methionine synthase

Methionine synthase (MS, MeSe, MTR) is responsible for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. In humans it is encoded by the MTR gene (5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase). Methionine synthase forms part of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) biosynthesis and regeneration cycle, and is the enzyme responsible for linking the cycle to one-carbon metabolism via the folate cycle. There are two primary forms of this enzyme, the Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)-dependent (MetH) and independent (MetE) forms, although minimal core methionine synthases that do not fit cleanly into either category have also been described in some anaerobic bacteria. The two dominant forms of the enzymes appear to be evolutionary independent and rely on considerably different chemical mechanisms. Mammals and other higher eukaryotes express only the cobalamin-dependent form. In contrast, the distribution of the two forms in Archaeplastida (plants and algae) is more complex. Plants exclusively possess the cobalamin-independent form, while algae have either one of the two, depending on species. Many different microorganisms express both the cobalamin-dependent and cobalamin-independent forms.

MTR
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesMTR, HMAG, MS, cblG, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase
External IDsOMIM: 156570 MGI: 894292 HomoloGene: 37280 GeneCards: MTR
EC number2.1.1.13
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4548

238505

Ensembl

ENSG00000116984

ENSMUSG00000021311

UniProt

Q99707

A6H5Y3

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000254
NM_001291939
NM_001291940

NM_001081128

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000245
NP_001278868
NP_001278869

NP_001074597

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 236.8 – 236.92 MbChr 13: 12.2 – 12.27 Mb
PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
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