Melanocyte-inhibiting factor

Melanocyte-inhibiting factor
Clinical data
MedlinePlus	a605038
Routes of; administration	IV
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (injected)
Metabolism	plasma protease enzymes
Excretion	N/A
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (S)-N-((S)-1-(2-amino-2-oxoethylamino)-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;
CAS Number	2002-44-0 ;
PubChem CID	92910;
ChemSpider	83871 ;
UNII	3KY24B4Q62;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20173841 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.016.276
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H24N4O3
Molar mass	284.360 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES NC(CNC([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@@H]1CCCN1)=O)=O)=O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C13H24N4O3/c1-8(2)6-10(12(19)16-7-11(14)18)17-13(20)9-4-3-5-15-9/h8-10,15H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H2,14,18)(H,16,19)(H,17,20)/t9-,10-/m0/s1 ; Key:NOOJLZTTWSNHOX-UWVGGRQHSA-N ;
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Melanocyte-inhibiting factor (also known as Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂, Melanostatin, MSH release–inhibiting hormone or MIF-1) is an endogenous peptide fragment derived from cleavage of the hormone oxytocin, but having generally different actions in the body. MIF-1 produces multiple effects, both blocking the effects of opioid receptor activation, while at the same time acting as a positive allosteric modulator of the D₂ and D₄ dopamine receptor subtypes, as well as inhibiting release of other neuropeptides such as alpha-MSH, and potentiating melatonin activity.

This complex mix of actions produces a profile of antidepressant, nootropic, and anti-Parkinsonian effects when MIF-1 is administered, and it has been investigated for various medical uses. MIF-1 is unusually resistant to metabolism in the bloodstream, and crosses the blood–brain barrier easily, though it is poorly active orally and is usually injected. Several other closely related peptides with important actions in the body include Tyr-MIF-1 and endomorphin-1 and -2.

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