Medical certifications for pilots

Medical certifications for aircraft pilots are specified by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). ICAO sets standards and recommended practices (SARPS), which are specified in Annex 1 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.

There are several classes of medical certificate. Class 1 is the most stringent, applying to holders of commercial pilot licences, multi-crew pilot licences, and airline transport pilot licences. Class 2 applies to holders of private pilot licences, glider pilot licenses, balloon pilot licences, as well as flight engineers and flight navigators. Class 3 applies to air traffic controller licences and remote pilot licences.

Medical assessment includes physical and mental assessment, and testing of vision (visual acuity and colour perception) and hearing. Examinations are carried out by approved aviation medical examiners.

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