Max Ringelmann

Maximilien Ringelmann (10 December 1861, Paris – 2 May 1931, Paris):55 was a French professor of agricultural engineering and agronomic engineer who was involved in the scientific testing and development of agricultural machinery.

Maximilien Ringelmann
Born(1861-12-10)December 10, 1861
DiedMay 2, 1931(1931-05-02) (aged 69)
NationalityFrench
Alma materNational Institute of Agronomy
Known forRingelmann effect, Ringelmann scale
Scientific career
InstitutionsÉcole Nationale d’Agriculture

Ringelmann's interests were wide-ranging: he developed the Ringelmann scale which is still used to measure smoke. He also discovered the Ringelmann effect in social psychology, viz, that when working in groups, individuals slacken.

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