Masada
Masada (Hebrew: מְצָדָה məṣādā, "fortress"; Arabic: جبل مسعدة) is an ancient fortification in southern Israel, situated on top of an isolated rock plateau, akin to a mesa. It is located on the eastern edge of the Judaean Desert, overlooking the Dead Sea 20 km (12 mi) east of Arad.
מצדה | |
Aerial view of Masada, from the north | |
Shown within Israel | |
| Location | Southern District, Israel |
|---|---|
| Region | Judaean Desert |
| Coordinates | 31°18′56″N 35°21′14″E |
| Type | Fortification |
| History | |
| Builder | Alexander Jannaeus (?) Herod the Great |
| Founded | 1st century BCE |
| Events | Siege of Masada |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1963–1965 |
| Archaeologists | Yigael Yadin |
| Criteria | Cultural: iii, iv, vi |
| Reference | 1040 |
| Inscription | 2001 (25th Session) |
| Area | 276 ha |
| Buffer zone | 28,965 ha |
Herod the Great built two palaces for himself on the mountain and fortified Masada between 37 and 31 BCE.
According to Josephus, the siege of Masada by Roman troops from 73 to 74 CE, at the end of the First Jewish–Roman War, ended in the mass suicide of the 960 Sicarii rebels who were hiding there. However, the archaeological evidence relevant to a mass suicide event is ambiguous at best and rejected entirely by some scholars.
Masada is one of Israel's most popular tourist attractions. During 2005 to 2007 and 2009 to 2012, it was the second-most popular, behind the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo. The site attracts around 750,000 visitors a year.