Mapp v. Ohio
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the exclusionary rule, which prevents prosecutors from using evidence in court that was obtained by violating the 4th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, applies not only to the federal government but also to the state governments. The Supreme Court accomplished this by use of a principle known as selective incorporation.
| Mapp v. Ohio | |
|---|---|
| Argued March 29, 1961 Decided July 19, 1961 | |
| Full case name | Dollree Mapp v. State of Ohio |
| Citations | 368 U.S. 643 (more) 81 S. Ct. 1684; 6 L. Ed. 2d 1081; 1961 U.S. LEXIS 812; 86 Ohio L. Abs. 513; 16 Ohio Op. 2d 384; 84 A.L.R.2d 933 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | Defendant convicted, Cuyahoga County, Ohio Court of Common Pleas; affirmed, Ohio Court of Appeals; affirmed, Ohio Supreme Court 166 N.E.2d 387 (Ohio 1960) |
| Subsequent | Rehearing denied, 368 U.S. 871 (1961). |
| Holding | |
| The Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures, as applied to the states through the Fourteenth, excludes unconstitutionally obtained evidence from use in criminal prosecutions. Ohio Supreme Court reversed. | |
| Court membership | |
| |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Clark, joined by Warren, Black, Douglas, Brennan |
| Concurrence | Black |
| Concurrence | Douglas |
| Concurrence | Stewart |
| Dissent | Harlan, joined by Frankfurter, Whittaker |
| Laws applied | |
| U.S. Const. amends. IV, XIV | |
This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings | |
| Wolf v. Colorado (1949) | |
In Mapp, this involved the incorporation of the provisions, as interpreted by the Court, of the 4th Amendment, which is applicable only to actions of the federal government into the 14th Amendment's due process clause. Citing Boyd v. United States, the Court opined, "It is not the breaking of his doors, and the rummaging of his drawers, that constitutes the essence of the offense; but it is the invasion of his indefeasible right of personal security, personal liberty, and private property."