Mandibular fracture
Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a break through the mandibular bone. In about 60% of cases the break occurs in two places. It may result in a decreased ability to fully open the mouth. Often the teeth will not feel properly aligned or there may be bleeding of the gums. Mandibular fractures occur most commonly among males in their 30s.
| Mandibular fracture | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Mandible fracture, fracture of the jaw |
| 3D computed tomographic image of a mandible fracture in two places. One is a displaced right angle fracture and the other is a left parasymphyseal fracture. | |
| Specialty | Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery |
| Symptoms | Decreased ability to open the mouth, teeth will not align properly, bleeding of the gums |
| Usual onset | Males in their 30s |
| Causes | Trauma, osteonecrosis, tumors |
| Diagnostic method | Plain X-ray, Panorex, CT scan |
| Treatment | Surgery within a few days |
Mandibular fractures are typically the result of trauma. This can include a fall onto the chin or a hit from the side. Rarely they may be due to osteonecrosis or tumors in the bone. The most common area of fracture is at the condyle (36%), body (21%), angle (20%) and symphysis (14%). Rarely the fracture may occur at the ramus (3%) or coronoid process (2%). While a diagnosis can occasionally be made with plain X-ray, modern CT scans are more accurate.
Immediate surgery is not necessarily required. Occasionally people may go home and follow up for surgery in the next few days. A number of surgical techniques may be used including maxillomandibular fixation and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). People are often put on antibiotics such as penicillin for a brief period of time. The evidence to support this practice; however, is poor.