M23 offensive (2022–present)

M23 offensive
	Part of the Kivu conflict
	; MONUSCO peacekeepers on patrol near Mutwanga, North Kivu, 28 April 2022
Date	27 March 2022 – present ; (1 year, 10 months, 2 weeks and 3 days)
Location	North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Status	Ongoing Conflict and tensions breaks out between Rwanda and the Congo;
Territorial; changes	M23 takes Bunagana and several other settlements
Belligerents
March 23 Movement; Rwanda; Supported by:; Uganda (June 2022; alleged by DR Congo) Jean-Marie Nyatura's militia	DR Congo; MONUSCO Pakistan; India; Russia; Serbia; Tanzania; Morocco; EAC Regional Force; Uganda (from March 2022); Burundi (from August 2022); Kenya (from November 2022); South Sudan (from December 2022); SADC Mission in DRC; FDLR; Pro-government Mai-Mai; Pro-government Nyatura factions; APCLS
Commanders and leaders
Bertrand Bisimwa; Sultani Makenga (WIA); Yusuf Mboneza (allegedly killed); Léon Kanyamibwa	Félix Tshisekedi; (President of DR Congo); Peter Cirimwami Nkuba; ("Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" commander until 6 July); Clément Bitangalo Bulime; ("Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" commander from 6 July); Philémon Yav Irung; (32nd Military Region commander); Constant Ndima Kongba; (North Kivu military governor); Muhindo Lwanzo; (Rutshuru Territory military chief aide); Francois-Xavier Aba van Ang; (North Kivu deputy police commander); Jeff Mungai Nyagah; (EAC-RF commander until April 2023); Alphaxard Kiugu; (EAC-RF commander from April 2023)
Units involved
M23 forces Bisimwa faction (Revolutionary Army of Congo); Makenga faction; Rwanda Defence Force (denied by Rwanda) 401st Battalion;	DR Congo forces Armed Forces (FARDC) Operations sector "Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" 32nd Military Region; ; Air Force; ; Republican Guard; Congolese National Police; Pro-government militias; Mercenaries; United Nations Force Intervention Brigade; East African Community (EAC) Regional Force Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) 25th Battalion; 35th Battalion; ;
Strength
Rebels:; 100–200+ (March 2022); 400+ (May 2022); Rwanda:; c. 500–1,000+	Unknown; 900+ ; 750
Casualties and losses
Unknown	1 helicopter shot down; 1 helicopter shot down, 9 killed
	30,000 civilians displaced to Uganda; 36,000 internally displaced; 72,000 displaced in total (as of May 27, 2022); ;

In late March 2022, the March 23 Movement (M23) launched an offensive in North Kivu, clashing with the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and MONUSCO. The fighting displaced hundreds of thousands of civilians and caused renewed tensions between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, as the latter was proved of supporting the rebel offensive.

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