Louis Philippe I

Louis Philippe I
Louis Philippe I
	Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1841
King of the French
Reign	9 August 1830 – 24 February 1848
Proclamation	9 August 1830
Predecessor	Charles X; (as King of France)
Successor	position abolished; Louis Napoleon Bonaparte; (as President of France)
Prime ministers	See list Jacques Laffitte; (1830–1831) ; Casimir-Pierre Périer; (1831–1832) ; The Duke of Dalmatia; (1832–1834) ; Étienne Maurice Gérard; (1834–1834) ; The Duke of Bassano; (1834–1834) ; The Duke of Trévise; (1834–1835) ; The Duke of Broglie; (1835–1836) ; Adolphe Thiers ; (1836–1836) ; Louis-Mathieu Molé; (1836–1839) ; The Duke of Dalmatia; (1839–1840) ; Adolphe Thiers; (1840–1840) ; The Duke of Dalmatia; (1840–1847) ; François Guizot; (1847–1848) ; Louis-Mathieu Molé; (1848–1848);
Born	6 October 1773; Palais Royal, Paris, Kingdom of France
Died	26 August 1850 (aged 76); Claremont, Surrey, United Kingdom
Burial	1876; Chapelle royale de Dreux
Spouse	Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily (m. 1809)
Issue; see detail...	Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans; Louise, Queen of the Belgians; Marie, Duchess of Wurttemberg; Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours; Clémentine, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Kohary; François, Prince of Joinville; Prince Charles, Duke of Penthièvre; Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale; Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier;
House	Bourbon-Orléans
Father	Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Mother	Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon
Religion	Catholicism
Signature
Military career
Allegiance	Kingdom of France; French First Republic
Service/branch	French Army
Years of service	1785–1793
Rank	Lieutenant general
Commands held	Governor of Strasbourg; 4th Brigade of the Army of the North; 14th Dragoons Regiment;
Battles/wars	French Revolutionary War Battle of Valmy; Battle of Jemappes; Battle of Neerwinden; ;

Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.

As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wars and was promoted to lieutenant general by the age of nineteen, but he broke with the Republic over its decision to execute King Louis XVI. He fled to Switzerland in 1793 after being connected with a plot to restore France's monarchy. His father Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Égalité) fell under suspicion and was executed during the Reign of Terror.

Louis Philippe remained in exile for 21 years until the Bourbon Restoration. He was proclaimed king in 1830 after his cousin Charles X was forced to abdicate by the July Revolution. The reign of Louis Philippe is known as the July Monarchy and was dominated by wealthy industrialists and bankers. He followed conservative policies, especially under the influence of French statesman François Guizot during the period 1840–1848. He also promoted friendship with Great Britain and sponsored colonial expansion, notably the French conquest of Algeria. His popularity faded as economic conditions in France deteriorated in 1847, and he was forced to abdicate after the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1848.

He lived for the remainder of his life in exile in the United Kingdom. His supporters were known as Orléanists. The Legitimists supported the main line of the House of Bourbon, and the Bonapartists supported the Bonaparte family, which includes Napoleon I and Napoleon III. Among his grandchildren were the monarchs Leopold II of Belgium, Empress Carlota of Mexico, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, and Queen Mercedes of Spain.

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