Lactoferrin

LTF
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2PMS, 1B0L, 1BKA, 1CB6, 1DSN, 1EH3, 1FCK, 1H43, 1H44, 1H45, 1HSE, 1L5T, 1LCF, 1LCT, 1LFG, 1LFH, 1LFI, 1LGB, 1N76, 1SQY, 1U62, 1VFD, 1VFE, 1XV4, 1XV7, 1Z6V, 1Z6W, 2BJJ, 2DP4, 2GMC, 2GMD, 2HD4
Identifiers
Aliases	LTF, GIG12, HEL110, HLF2, LF, lactotransferrin
External IDs	OMIM: 150210 MGI: 96837 HomoloGene: 1754 GeneCards: LTF
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	46,485,234 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	110,871,835 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	trachea; ; spongy bone; ; parotid gland; ; bone marrow cells; ; pylorus; ; seminal vesicula; ; corpus epididymis; ; lactiferous duct; ; thymus; ; minor salivary gland;
	Top expressed in
	lacrimal gland; ; cervix; ; olfactory epithelium; ; parotid gland; ; superior surface of tongue; ; femur; ; body of femur; ; trachea; ; right lobe of liver; ; ankle joint;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	iron ion binding; DNA binding; heparin binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity; metal ion binding; peptidase activity; protein binding; serine-type peptidase activity; serine-type endopeptidase activity; hydrolase activity; lipopolysaccharide binding; cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; secretory granule; extracellular region; cell surface; specific granule; phagocytic vesicle lumen; extracellular exosome; nucleus; extracellular space; specific granule lumen; tertiary granule lumen; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation; negative regulation of osteoclast development; ossification; regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; negative regulation of viral process; immune system process; negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity; antibacterial humoral response; bone morphogenesis; iron ion homeostasis; positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation; negative regulation of apoptotic process; ion transport; transcription, DNA-templated; proteolysis; positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity; negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism; negative regulation by host of viral process; negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; regulation of cytokine production; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production; retina homeostasis; negative regulation of viral genome replication; innate immune response in mucosa; positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; humoral immune response; defense response to bacterium; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; siderophore-dependent iron import into cell; antimicrobial humoral response; neutrophil degranulation; innate immune response; negative regulation of membrane potential; antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; transport; antifungal humoral response;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4057
	17002
	ENSG00000012223
	ENSMUSG00000032496
	P02788
	P08071
	NM_002343; NM_001199149; NM_001321121; NM_001321122
	NM_008522
	NP_001186078; NP_001308050; NP_001308051; NP_002334
	NP_032548
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Lactoferrin (LF), also known as lactotransferrin (LTF), is a multifunctional protein of the transferrin family. Lactoferrin is a globular glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 80 kDa that is widely represented in various secretory fluids, such as milk, saliva, tears, and nasal secretions. Lactoferrin is also present in secondary granules of PMNs and is secreted by some acinar cells. Lactoferrin can be purified from milk or produced recombinantly. Human colostrum ("first milk") has the highest concentration, followed by human milk, then cow milk (150 mg/L).

Lactoferrin is one of the components of the immune system of the body; it has antimicrobial activity (bacteriocide, fungicide) and is part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses. It is constantly produced and released into saliva, tears, as well as seminal and vaginal fluid. Lactoferrin provides antibacterial activity to human infants. Lactoferrin interacts with DNA and RNA, polysaccharides and heparin, and shows some of its biological functions in complexes with these ligands.

Lactoferrin supplements reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections, based on a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. As with any supplements sold online, quality may be an issue because nutritional supplement production quality controls are not subject to the same strict regulatory process as medicines.

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