Kirkwood Formation
The Kirkwood Formation is a geological formation found in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa. It is one of the four formations found within the Uitenhage Group of the Algoa Basin – its type locality – and in the neighbouring Gamtoos Basin. Outcrops of the Kirkwood are also found along the Worcester-Pletmos, Herbertsdale-Riversdale, Heidelberg-Mossel Bay, and Oudtshoorn-Gamtoos basin lines. At these basins the Kirkwood Formation underlies the Buffelskloof Formation and not the Sundays River Formation.
| Kirkwood Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Berriasian-Hauterivian ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Uitenhage Group |
| Sub-units | Swartkops Member, Colchester Member, Bethelsdorp Member, Wood beds |
| Underlies | Sundays River Formation, Buffelskloof Formation |
| Overlies | Enon Formation |
| Thickness | up to 2,210 m (7,250 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, claystone |
| Other | Mudstone, siltstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 33.4°S 25.5°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 45.0°S 11.5°W |
| Region | Western & Eastern Cape |
| Country | South Africa |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Kirkwood, Eastern Cape |
Map showing extent of the Kirkwood Formation (green) in the Algoa and Gamtoos Basins | |
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