Karl Landsteiner

Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner
Born	14 June 1868; Baden bei Wien, Austria-Hungary
Died	26 June 1943 (aged 75); New York City, US
Citizenship	Austria; United States (from 1929);
Alma mater	University of Vienna (MD, 1891)
Known for	Research of blood group system, discovery of Rh factor, discovery of poliovirus
Awards	Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1930); National Academy of Sciences, USA (1932); Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1938); Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award (posthumous, 1946); ForMemRS (1941);
	Scientific career
Fields	Medicine; virology;
Institutions	University of Vienna; Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research;
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Karl Landsteiner ForMemRS (German: [kaʁl ˈlantˌʃtaɪnɐ]; 14 June 1868 – 26 June 1943) was an Austrian American biologist, physician, and immunologist. He emigrated with his family to New York in 1923 at the age of fifty five for professional opportunities, working for the Rockefeller Institute.

He had distinguished the main blood groups in 1900, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood. In 1937, with Alexander S. Wiener, he identified the Rhesus factor, thus enabling physicians to transfuse blood without endangering the patient's life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper, he discovered the polio virus in 1909. He received the Aronson Prize in 1926. In 1930, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was posthumously awarded the Lasker Award in 1946, and has been described as the father of transfusion medicine.

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