Kalibr (missile family)
The Novator Kalibr (Калибр, caliber), also referred to as 3M54-1 Kalibr, 3M14 Biryuza (Бирюза, turquoise), (NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler and SS-N-30A) is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by NPO Novator (OKB-8). It first saw service in 1994. There are ship-launched, submarine-launched and air-launched versions of the missile, and variants for anti-ship, anti-submarine and land attack use. Some versions have a second propulsion stage that initiates a supersonic sprint in the terminal approach to the target, reducing the time that air defense systems have to react, while subsonic versions have greater range than the supersonic variants. The missile can carry a warhead weighing up to 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) of explosive or a thermonuclear warhead.
| Kalibr | |
|---|---|
An export variant of the missile (mockup) | |
| Type | Cruise missile Anti-ship missile Anti-submarine missile Submarine-launched cruise missile Air-launched cruise missile Land-attack missile Surface-to-surface missile |
| Place of origin | Russia |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1994 |
| Used by | See Operators |
| Wars | Syrian Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Novator Design Bureau, KTRV, MKB Fakel, NPO Mash, Raduga, NPO Zvezda Strela (Orenburg) |
| Unit cost | $980,000 (domestic cost, land-attack version) $6.5 million (export cost, anti-ship version) |
| Produced | 1994–present |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Varies on variant, from 1,300 kg-1,780 kg-2,300 kg |
| Length | Varies on variant, from 6.2 m to 8.9 m |
| Diameter | 0.533 m |
| Warhead | 400–500 kg HE or thermonuclear |
| Engine | Multi-stage solid-fuel rocket, turbojet engine for 3M-54/E/TE/E1/TE1, -14/E/TE, solid fuel rocket for 91RE1/RTE2 |
Operational range | 91RE1: 50 km 3M-54E (export anti-ship version): 220 km Kalibr-M (under development): 4,500 km |
| Flight ceiling | 1,000 m |
| Flight altitude | 50–150 m AGL 20 m over water |
| Maximum speed | 0.8–2.5–3.0 Mach |
Guidance system | Inertial guidance plus terminal active radar homing, by satellites, DSMAC |
| Accuracy | 2-3 m (domestic version, with GLONASS) 50 m CEP (Club-T export version, without GLONASS) |
Launch platform | naval ships, submarines, containers, airplanes, TEL |