KMS state

In the statistical mechanics of quantum mechanical systems and quantum field theory, the properties of a system in thermal equilibrium can be described by a mathematical object called a Kubo–Martin–Schwinger (KMS) state: a state satisfying the KMS condition.

Ryogo Kubo introduced the condition in 1957, Paul C. Martin and Julian Schwinger used it in 1959 to define thermodynamic Green's functions, and Rudolf Haag, Marinus Winnink and Nico Hugenholtz used the condition in 1967 to define equilibrium states and called it the KMS condition.

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