Josiah Royce

Josiah Royce
Josiah Royce
	Royce, c. 1910
Born	November 20, 1855; Grass Valley, California, U.S.
Died	September 14, 1916 (aged 60)
Education	University of California, Berkeley (BA); Johns Hopkins University (PhD)
Era	19th-century philosophy; 20th-century philosophy
Region	American philosophy; Western philosophy
School	American Pragmatism; Objective idealism; American idealism
Thesis	Interdependence of the Principles of Human Knowledge (1878)
Academic advisors	William James; Hermann Lotze; Charles Sanders Peirce; Wilhelm Windelband; Wilhelm Wundt
Doctoral students	Curt John Ducasse; C. I. Lewis; George Santayana; Henry M. Sheffer
Other notable students	Ella Lyman Cabot; Mary Whiton Calkins; William Henry Chamberlin (philosopher); Morris Raphael Cohen; W.E.B. DuBois; T.S. Eliot; Edwin Holt; Horace Kallen; Victor Lenzen; Alain Locke; William Pepperell Montague; Robert E. Park; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Anna Boynton Thompson; Norbert Wiener
Main interests	Ethics, philosophy of religion, metaphysics
Notable ideas	the possibility of error, philosophy of loyalty, international insurance
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Josiah Royce (/rɔɪs/; November 20, 1855 – September 14, 1916) was an American Pragmatist and objective idealist philosopher and the founder of American idealism. His philosophical ideas included his joining of pragmatism and idealism, his philosophy of loyalty, and his defense of absolutism.

Royce's "A Word for the Times" (1914) was quoted in 1936 State of the Union Address by Franklin Delano Roosevelt: "The human race now passes through one of its great crises. New ideas, new issues – a new call for men to carry on the work of righteousness, of charity, of courage, of patience, and of loyalty. [...] I studied, I loved, I labored, unsparingly and hopefully, to be worthy of my generation."

Royce is the only Classical American philosopher who also studied and wrote history. His historical works mainly focused on the American West.

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