Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک, romanized: barnāmeye jāme'e eqdāme moshtarak (برجام, BARJAM)), commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany) together with the European Union.
| Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action | |
|---|---|
Officials announcing the agreement | |
| Created | 14 July 2015 |
| Ratified | N/A (ratification not required) |
| Date effective |
|
| Location | Vienna, Austria |
| Signatories | China France Germany Iran Russia United Kingdom United States (withdrawn) European Union |
| Purpose | Nuclear non-proliferation |
Formal negotiations toward JCPOA began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations for the next 20 months and, in April 2015, agreed on an "Iran nuclear deal framework" for the final agreement. In July 2015, Iran and the P5+1 confirmed agreement on the plan, along with the "Roadmap Agreement" between Iran and the IAEA.
The negotiations primarily centered around imposing restrictions on Iran's critical nuclear facilities, including the Arak IR-40 reactor, Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, Gachin uranium mine, Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, Isfahan uranium-conversion plant, Natanz uranium enrichment plant, and the Parchin military research complex.
The agreement was formally activated on 20 January 2014.