Johor
Johor (/dʒəˈhɔːr/; Malay pronunciation: [d͡ʒoho(r)]), also spelled as Johore, is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It shares borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor shares maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to both the west and east. As of 2020, the state's population is 4.01 million, making it the second most populous state in Malaysia. Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state, Kota Iskandar is the state administrative centre and Muar serves as the royal capital.
Johor | |
|---|---|
| State and Occupied Territories of Johor, the Abode of Dignity Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Ta'zim نݢري دان جاجهن تعلوق جوهر دارالتّعظيم | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Jawi | جوهر |
| • Chinese | 柔佛 |
| • Tamil | ஜொகூர் Jokūr (Transliteration) |
| Nickname(s): Darul Ta'zim دارالتّعظيم Abode of Dignity | |
| Motto(s): | |
| Anthem: Lagu Bangsa Johor لاݢو بڠسا جوهر Johor State Anthem | |
OpenStreetMap | |
| Coordinates: 1°59′27″N 103°28′58″E | |
| Capital (and largest city) | Johor Bahru[a] |
| Royal capital | Muar |
| Government | |
| • Type | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| • Sultan | Ibrahim Ismail |
| • Regent | Tunku Ismail |
| • Menteri Besar | Onn Hafiz Ghazi (BN-UMNO) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 19,166 km2 (7,400 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 1,276 m (4,186 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 4,009,670 (2nd) |
| • Density | 209.2/km2 (542/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Johorean / Johorian |
| Demographics (2020) | |
| • Ethnic composition |
|
| • Dialects | Johor-Riau Malay • Terengganu Malay • Jakun • Duano' • Orang Seletar Other ethnic minority languages |
| State Index | |
| • HDI (2019) | 0.825 (very high) (6th) |
| • TFR (2017) | 2.1 |
| • GDP (2021) | RM131.1 billion, USD29.26 billion |
| • GDP per capita (2021) | RM32,696, USD7,297 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (MST) |
| Postal code | 79xxx to 86xxx, 73400 |
| Calling code | 07[b] 06 (Muar and Tangkak) |
| ISO 3166 code | MY-01, 21–24 |
| Vehicle registration | J |
| Johor Sultanate | 1528 |
| Anglo–Johor Treaty | 1885 |
| Johore State Constitution | 14 April 1895 |
| British protectorate | 1914 |
| Japanese occupation | 31 January 1942 |
| Accession into the Federation of Malaya | 1948 |
| Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya | 31 August 1957 |
| Federated as part of Malaysia | 16 September 1963 |
| Website | www |
| ^[a] Kota Iskandar, Iskandar Puteri is the state administrative centre and the seat of the Johor state government (executive branch & legislative branch). However, Johor Bahru remains the official capital of the Johor state. ^[b] Except Muar and Tangkak. | |
Johor's economy is mainly based on services and manufacturing sectors. Its gross domestic product (GDP) is among the top three largest in Malaysia, alongside Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Today, Johor remains the nation's largest trade contributor among all Malaysian states. The state is also a major logistics hub in Malaysia, home to Port of Tanjung Pelepas, the 15th busiest port in the world. Johor Bahru is also one of the anchor cities of the Iskandar Malaysia development corridor that covers much of southern Johor, which is the country's first and largest special economic zone by investment value.
Johor has high diversity in ethnicity, culture, and language. The state is known for its traditional dance of Zapin and Kuda kepang. The head of state is the Sultan of Johor, while the head of government is the Menteri Besar. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system, with the state administration divided into administrative districts. Islam is the state religion per the 1895 Constitution of Johor, but other religions can be freely practised. Malay is the official language for the state. Johor has highly diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. Situated at the southern foothills of the Tenasserim Hills, inselbergs and massifs dominate the state's flat landscape, with Mount Ledang being the highest point.