Janthinobacterium lividum

Janthinobacterium lividum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Betaproteobacteria
Order:	Burkholderiales
Family:	Oxalobacteraceae
Genus:	Janthinobacterium
Species:	J. lividum
Binomial name
	Janthinobacterium lividum; (Eisenberg 1891) De Ley et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)
Type strain
	ATCC 12473; CCUG 2344; CIP 103349; DSM 1522; HAMBI 1919; JCM 9043; LMG 2892; NCTC 9796; VKM B-1223
Synonyms
	Bacillus lividus Eisenberg 1891; Bacillus violaceus berolinensis Kruse 1896; Bacterium lividus [sic] (Eisenberg 1891) Chester 1897; Bacillus berolinensis Chester 1901; Chromobacterium lividum (Eisenberg 1891) Bergey et al. 1923; Chromobacterium violaceum Ford 1927; Chromobacterium amethystinum Breed et al. 1957; Chromobacterium violaceum Leifson 1956; Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939;

Janthinobacterium lividum is an aerobic, Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium that has a distinctive dark-violet (almost black) color, due to a compound called violacein, which is produced when glycerol is metabolized as a carbon source. Violacein has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Its antifungal properties are of particular interest, since J. lividum is found on the skin of certain amphibians, including the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus), where it prevents infection by the devastating chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).

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